Geo-economics position of Saudi Arabia in the strategies of the Revisionist powers: the Belt and Road Initiative as a model

Abstract

The research discusses the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's geo-economic position in the strategies of revisionist powers such as Russia and China, with a focus on the Belt and Road Initiative. The research begins from the basic premise that Saudi Arabia plays a pivotal role in the initiative, thanks to its strategic location and economic resources, contributing to rebalancing economic power at the regional and international levels. The research also examines the dynamics of the relationship between Saudi Arabia, Russia, and China. As the two powers seek to enhance their influence in the Middle East through economic and strategic partnerships, the research relies on a descriptive, analytical, and inductive approach to examine the initiative's impact on the Saudi economy. The study concludes that Saudi Arabia is adopting a multipolar economic foreign policy, with diverse alliances and partnerships, and achieving a balance between traditional partnerships with the West and attempts to cooperate with other powers.