Good Governance in Reforming the Iraqi-Syrian Trade Balance for the Period (2003-2023)

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the structural imbalances in the Iraqi-Syrian trade balance and evaluate the role of governance principles in addressing these imbalances. The study adopts an inductive approach and analytical methodology to examine the bilateral trade relationship between the two countries during the period (2003-2023). The research findings reveal a persistent and structural deficit in the trade balance, primarily attributed to the narrow export base of the Iraqi non-oil economy, which relies heavily on primary commodities with low value-added, alongside the political and economic instability that Iraq has experienced since 2003. The study also highlights the critical role of applying good governance principles — including transparency, accountability, and institutional reform — in addressing the structural imbalances of the trade balance. The research recommends diversifying the Iraqi economy, supporting national industries, developing border crossings, and adopting rational trade policies to reduce the chronic trade deficit with Syria.