The relationship between cybersecurity maturity and the quality of external auditing in companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange

Abstract

This study analyzes the relationship between cybersecurity maturity and external audit quality in companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2025. Using a descriptive-analytical approach and panel data, the research utilized SPSS to conduct descriptive statistics and linear regression. The results indicate a statistically significant positive impact, with cybersecurity maturity explaining approximately 49% of the changes in external audit quality. While Iraqi companies show high adoption of basic preventive measures like firewalls, there is a noticeable weakness in advanced analytical systems and cyber training. The findings also highlight a professional gap where external audit procedures remain largely traditional, with limited focus on digital risk assessment. A strong positive correlation was confirmed between the number of cybersecurity programs and the depth of audit procedures. Consequently, the study recommends formally integrating cybersecurity into audit programs and enhancing auditors' digital proficiency.