Measuring the Impact of Renewable Energy on Unemployment as an Approach to Achieving Sustainable Development in Brazil for the Period 2005–2023

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of renewable energy on sustainable development in Brazil during the period 2005–2023, based on the hypothesis that investment in renewable energy contributes to reducing unemployment and enhancing sustainability-related economic and environmental indicators. The research adopts an econometric approach using the ARDL model to estimate the dynamic relationship between unemployment and key explanatory variables, namely: renewable energy investment, the share of renewable energy in total consumption, access to clean fuels, and GDP per capita. The results reveal a significant long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables, with green investment and economic growth negatively associated with unemployment, while social energy indicators exhibit transitional effects in the short run. The study recommends adopting inclusive and just energy transition policies that integrate social equity with environmental and economic sustainability goals.