Trends of international institutions in tax reform and their impact on Iraq's foreign trade (Suggested scenarios)

Abstract

The issue of tax reform has become one of the urgent issues which needs logical and practical solutions, and to accelerate the start of this reform, especially at the present time, in which countries adopt the policy of modernization, and reform of the structure of the overall sectors of the economy, where taxes are a reflection of the interests of countries, and their active role in foreign trade.

In this context, the study examines the trends of international institutions in tax reform and their commercial implications (suggested scenarios in Iraq). The scenarios available for tax reform in Iraq (VAT and environmental tax) and their priorities in foreign trade were identified as practical tools for tax reform, and requirements for interaction with international and commercial institutions. The main finding of the study is that the trends in the implementation of the steps of tax reform in foreign trade in Iraq are ineffective, because they were launched from external environments, and imposed by the abolition of fees, and damages and customs, which caused a clear impact on the Iraqi economy.